Global warming has a significant impact on the agricultural sector in Indonesia, which is one of the backbones of the country’s economy. This climate change causes temperature fluctuations, changes in rainfall patterns, and an increase in the frequency of natural disasters, all of which have a direct or indirect effect on agricultural productivity. One of the main impacts of global warming is an increase in average temperatures. Rising temperatures can disrupt plant growth. For example, crops such as rice, which require optimum temperatures for growth, may experience reduced yields. Research shows that for every 1 °C increase in temperature, rice yields can decrease by up to 10%. This threatens national food security, especially in areas that are highly dependent on rice farming. Changes in rainfall patterns are also a big problem. Irregular rains result in drought in some areas and flooding in other areas. This uncertainty impacts water resource management, which is vital for irrigation. In agricultural areas, such as Java and Bali, farmers often face difficulties in determining the right planting time. Adapting to changing weather is a challenge, causing farmers to need to adopt new farming practices that may not always be successful. In addition, increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere can affect the quality of agricultural products. Several studies note that increasing CO2 concentrations can increase plant growth, but the nutritional quality of agricultural products such as vegetables and fruit tends to decrease. Modern consumers who increasingly prioritize health and nutrition can lose the benefits of the food they consume. Floods and other natural disasters, which are becoming more frequent due to global warming, also threaten agricultural land. Previously fertile soil can be eroded or contaminated by polluted water. This impact can worsen food security, especially in areas with weak infrastructure. Small farmers in Indonesia, who account for more than 60% of all farmers, are the most vulnerable to the impacts of global warming. They often lack access to modern technology and the information necessary to adapt to these changes. Without sufficient support from the government and related institutions, they will find it difficult to innovate and implement sustainable agricultural practices. Global warming also increases pressure on biodiversity. Agriculture that relies on certain plant varieties is at risk of crop failure if climatic conditions are not favorable. To overcome this, diversification of crop varieties and agricultural systems that are more resistant to climatization must be introduced. The Indonesian government has launched various programs to address this issue, such as building better irrigation infrastructure and researching crop varieties that are more resistant to extreme weather. However, collaboration between government, academics and farmers is needed to create effective and sustainable solutions. Overall, the impact of global warming on agriculture in Indonesia is a serious challenge that requires immediate attention, comprehensive mitigation strategies, and innovative approaches so that the agricultural sector can continue to function and contribute to the country’s food security.
About the Author
