The impact of global climate change on agriculture in Indonesia is very significant. As a country with 80% of the population dependent on the agricultural sector, this change could threaten food security. First, increasing global temperatures have an impact on plant growth patterns. Rice plants, which are a staple food, are very sensitive to high temperatures. Research shows that temperatures above 30°C can reduce rice yields by up to 20%. This illustrates the direct impact of global warming on productivity. Second, increasing rainfall due to climate change causes a higher potential for flooding. In Indonesia, floods affect more than 4 million hectares of agricultural land every year. This event not only damages growing plants but can also destroy agricultural infrastructure, such as irrigation and road access. Flooding also carries an increased risk of plant diseases and pests, which are more difficult to control in wet conditions. Third, drought is becoming an increasingly frequent problem. With the increasing frequency of El Niño, farmers are increasingly vulnerable to water shortages. Most agricultural areas in Indonesia rely heavily on irrigation, and a lack of water can cause crop failure. The decrease in freshwater availability is detrimental to agricultural systems and causes farmers to experience financial losses. Fourth, climate change also affects biodiversity. Some plant species may not be able to adapt quickly to changes in temperature and humidity. Biodiversity loss is particularly dangerous because it reduces the resilience of agricultural systems. Research results show that diverse plant varieties are more resistant to disease and pests. Furthermore, climate change affects the migration patterns of pests and diseases. Pests that are not normally present in an area may appear due to increased temperatures. For example, rice stem borer pests can spread to wider areas, threatening crop yields. Farmers need to adapt and improve pest control techniques to meet these challenges. In addition, climate change can impact agricultural and economic policies. Uncertainty in agricultural yields disrupts farmers’ income. The government needs to provide access to climate-resilient agricultural technologies, such as heat-resistant seeds and efficient water management measures. Investment in research and development is critical to creating locally relevant solutions. No less important, communication and education for farmers about climate change is very necessary. Training programs on sustainable agricultural practices and adaptation to climate change can help increase resilience. Educated farmers can be better prepared to face challenges and maximize crop yields even in uncertain climatic conditions. Building partnerships between government and the private sector is also key. Collaborative initiatives focused on climate protection can create a better environment for agriculture. The use of technology and innovation can increase productivity and reduce the negative impacts of climate change. With proper management, the potential to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector in Indonesia is still open. Adaptation and mitigation must be the main focus to maintain agricultural survival and people’s food security.
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